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A5- THE IAS COMPUTER -2

By pragyansharma polavarapu

 

The  “Main Memory”  is like the blackboard in a class room used by  a teacher  to write the working steps for solving an algebra problem. To maintain its comparison with class room black board let us call the “MAIN MEMORY” as  “MAIN MEMORY BOARD ”. On to this Main Memory board the following items get loaded

(A) SOFTWARE PROGRAM

It is  a carefully prepared set of  “software instructions” written in strict code of  software language. The software instruction are  part of a software program created  to solve a particular type of problem.  The software instructions are  typed by the outside human engineer  through the key board .Please note that software language is a most accurate brief mathematical code with its own set of  code words called “Reserved Words”. These Reserved Words ,though they  are just  ordinary English words,  are actually  like central electric/electronic switches  on a huge imaginary electric switch board . They are minute but do gigantic work. They can even be compared to the engine which pulls a large  group of railway wagons .

(B) INPUT DATA 

This is the “Problem Data”(question ) given to CPU in software language. It is partly typed by the human engineer on the key board and partly comes from files in the  “SECONDARY MEMORY”when included in the present problem  . This problem data is loaded to the MAIN MEMORY .

(The  SECONARY MEMORY is far bigger than the “main memory board” and is  like a big rack of printed books and student  note books . it is generally in the disc drives within computer like D,E,F etc drives and also  may be copied from outside external memory).

Thus at the start of solving a tough problem using a particular software program, the following are loaded on to the  MAIN MEMORY BOARD  by the outside human programmer through the key board

(1)the software program(like the set of  formulas to be used  as in an algebra  problem),

(2) the declared “constants” and “variables”  and the sets of values their values .

 ( C )OUTPUT DATA

The  final answer given by computer is also loaded temporarily in a special allotted place in  MAIN MEMORY BOARD before it is sent out to the computer screen. Only after  a signal is received from CPU, the OUTPUT( answer data)  is  shifted from MAIN MEMORY to the computer screen.

(D) REGISTERS

The speeds inside computer are “MILLIONTH OF SECOND” speeds. The  clock signal there inside computer works in “MILLIONTH OF SECOND” units. To instantly solve the software problems ( similar to  tough alzebra problems) ,Dr von Neumann  introduced in the  IAS  computer   special   high speed MEMORY UNITS  called “REGISTERS” .

The REGISTERS  are very minute  special memory units connected to  important internal parts like  MAIN MEMORY board,  the ALU, the CPU and other REGISTERS . The REGISTERS  are very much  like  specially trained clerks in an office or bank.The REGISTERS minutely examine the incoming problem data most promptly in millionth of second units and maintain a very strict  serial order in processing data . The INDEX REGISTER allots a strict serial order to the SOFTWARE INSTRUCTIONS sent  by ouside human programmer to the MAIN MEMORY BOARD.

 Let us rember here the important point. Electric current flows to the computer’s various digital components  (1) through hair thin  printed metal lines on the  printed circuit boards  (2) through invisible electronic paths in the extremely minute digital parts in the “Integrated Circuits” contained in the silicon chips)(3) the speed of flow of current is in  hundreds of thousands of  kilometers  in  just one second .  This speed of data flow gives to the electronic computer the  capacity to  solve toughest mathematical/logical problems  in one second.The data processing and problem solving is done in  millionth of second units inside the computer. (4)Every  REGISTER   examines  the  data  transferred to it (from Main Memory , other  REGISTERS,  ALU) at millionth –of-second speeds. In the IAS machine the clock signals dividing time into millionth of second units are provided by “quartz crystal oscillators” .(5) All the logic parts  -- CPU,Registers , ALU , MAIN MEMORY BOARD  , INPUT and OUTPUT —all work in perfect unison in a single step like a single army  unit  in a  synchronized way  guided by the  millionth of second time unit  .

(E)THE CONTROL UNIT 

 The CPU, the ALU and  the REGISTERS –all these together are called  CONTROL UNIT . From the CONTROL UNIT  data cables and instruction cables (all tiny electronic paths in the chip) send  hundreds  of  electric /electronic signals automatically to all internal logic parts  in  millionth of second units . 

 

 

 

 

  

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