MIXED BAG

  BY    PRAGYANSHARMA POLAVARAPU  INTRODUCTION  (1)The British empire reached its biggest  extent in early 19th century and existed till end of world war two.   England (United Kingdom /great Britain) was most powerful and dominated world affairs for three and half centuries. The pressures and strains of modern world, the two terrible World Wars and the power of glorious  freedom movements in former colonies –all factors led to dissolving  the old empire soon after World War 2 . The world has now progressed to an era of gigantic educational, technological progress and an era of glorious freedom ,equality and fraternity ,an era of parliamentary democracy ,world unity and friendship and economic cooperation. The United Nations Organization represents the spirit of freedom, equality of all people and friendship between all people. With the aid of high scientific technologies in various fields assisted by the speed o...

  BY P ragyansharma  Polavarapu   (1) How difficult it is to study history of a language. When we read good story or poem in   English or any other language we see and experience the delicate, kind and beautiful feelings passing through the heart of the writer at the moment he was writing it --one year back or even hundred or thousand years back. when we read old English poems/sonnets   of Shakespeare ,Dryden, Milton, Keats, Shelley, Wordsworth, Byron, Lord Tennyson, Mathew Arnold (The Forsaken Merman) etc or old English novels of Sir Walter Scott, Oliver Goldsmith or even   recent versatile Thomas Hardy we feel as if we   hear   their heartbeats of the moments when they were penning those lines. What I write here is for the “foreigner”—the distant South Asian, East Asian, Indian, African, Chinese, South American ,Arab etc—who enjoy reading the hundreds of good English books which contain   beautiful nature descriptions, descriptions of...

BY P ragyansharma  Polavarapu (1)  Centuries before  arrival of Anglo-Saxons in Britain   , there lived  all over the British isles  the Celtic people . The Celtic people  ,though entirely different in culture and customs from Anglo-Saxons   ,were   of same Aryan ethnic  origin as the  Anglo-Saxons but chose different lands to settle millennia ago. History tells that the  Celts lived in   central Europe around  1300 BC  and later spread to other parts of Europe . The European sub culture called “La Tène culture” (c. 450–50 BCE) is said to be a pure  Celtic culture. La Tène-culture  spread into the  British isles from around 500 bc and came  in multiple waves .The earliest Celtic-speaking inhabitants of Scotland were said to be Picts( 500 BC ). (2) The majority of the...

   BY P ragyansharma  Polavarapu     In the   Mediterranean region, perhaps in the region of about   1600 BC(about 3600 years from now) a glorious ancient Greek civilization existed. later an equally glorious   Roman civilization was born and a great Roman empire existed   upholding   the majestic Greco-Roman culture. In those   times   Celts and after them Anglo-Saxons lived a rural agriculture and fishing based life in contrast to   the urban oriented aristocratic and military oriented civilization of Romans.   The Roman empire was frequently involved in wars with   Asian empires   . The Romans were a most sophisticated urban oriented society with aristocratic warrior families dominating the military and ruling classes. They followed the   beautiful   older Greek philosophy. They   were in some respects harsh and maintained   slaves. They   maintained trained armies with tough ...

  BY P ragyansharma  Polavarapu INTRODUCTION People all over the world in this modern age are getting awakened and may wish to develop modern literature of high cultural and spiritual   value in their   mother tongues their own languages. Quite many   in modern world also developed   interest in old classical English literature ---the many outstanding novels examining human psychology, the most beautiful   poems of Wordsworth, Shelley , Keats, Byron   and the like, dramas of Shakespeare, old novels of Sir Walter Scott , Charles Dickens,Thomas Hardy   and the like , old writings of HGWells and Sir Arthur Connan Doyle and the like .   A few such people may feel that such old English literature may be among the first eligible to create a modern   world literature for coming centuries. Such books   form   a treasure trove of great beauty, art and intellect. Here let us also know the general desire of many   millio...

  BY P ragyansharma  Polavarapu PART ONE The  story of development of parliamentary democracy in world is very interesting . Now we see every country in world supporting democracy, elections and parliamentary procedures. It is interesting to note that the nobles in old England 800 Years ago fought a  war  with  an autocratic  and authoritarian  king John(1166-1216) and   made him to sign their  charter of  demands(the famed “Magna Carta” ). The demands of nobles were  that the king should not  unnecessarily interfere in their work and  should not imprison them   , that the king should fully protect the rights of church and nobles  and  should consult the powerful nobles before imposing taxes on people or before spending public money for personal use of king. Thus was formed the House of Lords i.e. a powerful assembly of nobles.  Later some other powerful aristocrats  and rich me...